United States Senate

Upper house of the United States Congress

Composition of the 119th United States Senate

Control of the U.S. Congress

The Senate chamber, c. 1873

The United States Senate is the upper house of the United States Congress, which, along with the House of Representatives, comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate is composed of senators, each of whom represents a state and serves a six-year term. The Senate has several exclusive powers, including consenting to treaties and confirming federal appointments made by the President.

History

The Senate was established by the Constitution in 1789. It was designed to be a more deliberative body than the House of Representatives, with longer terms and a smaller membership. Originally, senators were chosen by state legislatures, but the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 established the direct election of senators by the people.

Powers and Functions

The Senate has several unique powers not granted to the House of Representatives. These include the power to approve treaties, confirm presidential appointments to the federal judiciary and executive departments, and conduct impeachment trials. The Senate also has the power to filibuster, allowing extended debate to delay or block legislative action.

Membership

The Senate is composed of 100 members, two from each state. Senators serve six-year terms, with elections staggered so that approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election every two years. The Vice President serves as the President of the Senate but only votes to break ties.

Leadership

The Senate is led by the President pro tempore, a senior member of the majority party, and the Majority Leader, who is the chief spokesperson for the majority party. The Minority Leader represents the opposition party.

Committees

The Senate operates through a system of committees, each focusing on specific areas of policy and legislation. Key committees include the Appropriations Committee, the Foreign Relations Committee, and the Judiciary Committee.

Related pages

• United States House of Representatives
• United States Congress
• Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

References

• "The Senate and the Constitution." United States Senate. Retrieved October 2023.
• "Powers of the Senate." United States Senate. Retrieved October 2023.