Vachellia tortilis

Species of tree

Vachellia tortilis, commonly known as the umbrella thorn acacia, is a species of tree native to the savannas and Sahel of Africa and the Middle East. It is well adapted to the arid conditions of these regions and is a prominent feature of the landscape.

Description

Vachellia tortilis is a small to medium-sized tree, typically reaching heights of 4 to 12 meters. It is characterized by its distinctive flat-topped crown, which resembles an umbrella. The bark is dark and rough, while the branches are often twisted and bear long, sharp thorns. The leaves are small, bipinnate, and feathery, providing a delicate appearance.

The tree produces small, cream-colored flowers that are arranged in spherical clusters. These flowers are followed by flat, coiled seed pods that are a key feature of the species. The pods are brown when mature and contain several seeds.

Distribution and habitat

Vachellia tortilis is widely distributed across the African continent, from the Sahara Desert to the Kalahari Desert. It is also found in parts of the Middle East, including Israel and Saudi Arabia. The tree thrives in sandy and stony soils and is often found in savannas, grasslands, and deserts.

Ecological role

The umbrella thorn acacia plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. It provides shade and shelter for a variety of wildlife, including giraffes, elephants, and antelopes. The tree's leaves and pods are an important food source for these animals, especially during the dry season when other vegetation is scarce.

Vachellia tortilis also contributes to soil fertility through its ability to fix nitrogen, a process facilitated by symbiotic bacteria in its root nodules. This enhances the growth of surrounding vegetation and supports the overall health of the ecosystem.

Uses

The wood of Vachellia tortilis is hard and durable, making it suitable for use as firewood and in the construction of fences and tools. The tree's bark and pods are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including coughs and diarrhea.

Gallery

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  Leaves and pods of Vachellia tortilis

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  Vachellia tortilis in Springbokvlakte

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  Flowering Vachellia tortilis

Related pages

• Vachellia
• Savanna
• Nitrogen fixation

References

• Coates Palgrave, K. (2002). Trees of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers.
• Carr, J. (2010). The Acacias of Southern Africa. Umdaus Press.

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  Vachellia tortilis

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  Acacia tortilis subsp. heteracantha, leaves and pods

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  Acacia tortilis, thorns

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  Acacia tortilis subsp. heteracantha, flowering