Vanilla planifolia

Species of orchid

Vanilla planifolia, commonly known as vanilla, is a species of orchid native to Mexico and Central America. It is the primary source of the vanilla flavoring, derived from the vanilla bean.

Description

Vanilla planifolia is a perennial climbing vine that can grow up to 15 meters in length. The plant has fleshy, succulent leaves and greenish-yellow flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic and require manual pollination in cultivation outside of their native range. The fruit, known as a vanilla bean, is a long, slender pod that contains tiny seeds.

Cultivation

The cultivation of Vanilla planifolia requires a warm, humid climate with temperatures ranging from 21 to 32 degrees Celsius. The plant is typically grown in shaded areas to mimic its natural habitat under the forest canopy. Vanilla vines are often supported by trees or trellises.

Pollination

In its native habitat, Vanilla planifolia is pollinated by specific species of bees. However, outside of this region, pollination is usually done by hand. This labor-intensive process involves transferring pollen from the anther to the stigma of the flower.

Harvesting and Processing

Vanilla beans are harvested when they are still green and immature. The beans undergo a curing process that includes blanching, sweating, and drying. This process can take several months and is essential for developing the characteristic vanilla flavor and aroma.

Uses

Vanilla is widely used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages, particularly in desserts such as ice cream, cakes, and custards. It is also used in perfumes and aromatherapy.

Related pages

• Vanilla (genus)
• Orchidaceae
• Spice

Gallery

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  Cluster of green vanilla pods

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  Vanilla vine growing on a Dracaena

References

• Chase, M. W., & Cameron, K. M. (2000). "Vanilla: The genus Vanilla." In: "Orchids of the World." Timber Press.
• Lubinsky, P., et al. (2008). "Origins and dispersal of cultivated vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews)." Economic Botany, 62(2), 127-138.

Vanilla_planifolia

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  Vanilla planifolia plant

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  Cluster of green vanilla pods

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  Vanilla growing on Dracaena