Viscosity

Viscosity is a fundamental property of fluids, which describes a fluid's resistance to flow. It is a measure of the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. A fluid with low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup results in very little friction when it is in motion.

Definition

Viscosity is defined as a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. A fluid with low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup results in very little friction when it is in motion.

Types of Viscosity

There are two types of viscosity: dynamic and kinematic. Dynamic viscosity is the measure of internal resistance to flow when a force is applied. Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the density of the fluid.

Factors Affecting Viscosity

Viscosity is affected by temperature, pressure, and the specific characteristics of the fluid. As temperature increases, the viscosity of a liquid decreases and the viscosity of a gas increases. Pressure has little effect on the viscosity of liquids, but increases the viscosity of gases.

Measurement of Viscosity

Viscosity can be measured using various methods, including the capillary tube method, the falling sphere method, and the rotational method. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method depends on the type of fluid and the required accuracy.

Applications of Viscosity

Viscosity has many applications in both science and engineering. It is used in the design of fluid transport systems, such as pipelines and channels. It is also used in the formulation of paints and coatings, and in the design of lubrication systems.

See Also

• Fluid dynamics
• Rheology
• Newton's law of viscosity

References

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