Vocal cords

Gray's anatomy vocal cords

Vocalcord paralyses

Larynx

The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are integral components of the human voice box or larynx. These are twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx, playing pivotal roles in both respiratory protection and sound production.

Anatomy

Situated within the larynx, the vocal cords are constituted by a combination of muscle and elastic fiber. When observed under a microscope, their multi-layered structure is evident, consisting of an outer layer of epithelium, an intermediate lamina propria, and an innermost layer of muscle known as the thyroarytenoid muscle.

Function

Respiratory Protection

One of the primary roles of the vocal cords is to act as a protective mechanism for the respiratory system. When swallowing food or liquids, the vocal cords close tightly, ensuring that these substances do not mistakenly enter the trachea and subsequently the lungs, which could result in choking or aspiration.

Sound Production

Vocal cords are essential for phonation. When we speak or sing, air from the lungs is pushed out and channeled through the trachea and larynx. As this air flows over the vocal cords, it causes them to vibrate. By altering the tension and length of the vocal cords using surrounding muscles, different pitches and tones are produced. The sound then resonates through the vocal tract, shaping the voice we recognize.

Vocal Cord Health

Proper care and maintenance of the vocal cords are crucial for individuals, especially professionals who use their voices extensively, such as singers, teachers, or public speakers. Avoiding excessive strain, staying hydrated, and refraining from smoking are some measures to preserve vocal cord health. Conditions such as laryngitis, nodules on the vocal cords, and other disorders can impact the function of the vocal cords and, consequently, voice quality.

See Also

• Larynx
• Respiratory system
• Phonation
• Laryngitis

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