Anopheles mosquito
Anopheles Mosquito
The Anopheles mosquito (pronounced: /əˈnɒfɪliːz/) is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J.W. Meigen in 1818. About 460 species are recognised; while over 100 can transmit human malaria, only 30–40 commonly transmit parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which cause malaria in humans in endemic areas. Anopheles gambiae is one of the best known, because of its predominant role in the transmission of the most dangerous malaria parasite species (to humans) – Plasmodium falciparum.
Etymology
The name comes from the Greek αν, an, meaning "not", and όφελος, óphelos, meaning "profit", translated as "useless". It was first used in the scientific literature in 1818 by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen, who discovered and named numerous species of insects, including the Anopheles mosquito.
Characteristics
The Anopheles mosquito is easily distinguishable from other mosquitoes due to its palpi (a pair of sensory appendages) which are as long as its proboscis (the long, slender mouthpart used for feeding). They also have a resting position which is often stilt-like with the stomach sticking up in the air.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of the Anopheles mosquito consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The duration of these stages can vary greatly depending on environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity.
Role in Malaria Transmission
The Anopheles mosquito is the primary vector for the transmission of malaria. Only female mosquitoes feed on blood; this blood meal is a requirement for eggs to develop. When a mosquito bites an infected person, it ingests the malaria parasites. After about a week, the parasites are ready to be transmitted to another human. This occurs when the mosquito takes its next blood meal.
Prevention and Control
Prevention and control of Anopheles mosquito populations is a critical part of reducing malaria transmission. This can be achieved through a variety of methods including insecticide-treated mosquito nets, indoor residual spraying, and larval control measures.
Related Terms
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