Bungarotoxin
Bungarotoxin
Bungarotoxin (pronounced: bun-ga-ro-tox-in) is a form of neurotoxic venom found in many species of the Bungarus genus of snakes, commonly known as kraits.
Etymology
The term "Bungarotoxin" is derived from the genus name "Bungarus" and the Greek word "toxikon", which means poison. The genus name "Bungarus" is itself derived from the Hindi word "bungarus", meaning "big snake".
Types
There are two main types of bungarotoxin: Alpha Bungarotoxin and Beta Bungarotoxin.
- Alpha Bungarotoxin is a type of neurotoxin that binds to the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, preventing the transmission of nerve impulses and causing paralysis.
- Beta Bungarotoxin is a type of neurotoxin that affects the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic terminals, also leading to paralysis.
Effects
The primary effect of bungarotoxin is paralysis, which can lead to death if not treated promptly. The toxin achieves this by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. Other symptoms can include difficulty breathing, blurred vision, and difficulty swallowing.
Treatment
Treatment for bungarotoxin poisoning primarily involves the administration of antivenom. This is typically followed by supportive care, including respiratory support if necessary.
Related Terms
- Neurotoxin
- Venom
- Antivenom
- Acetylcholine
- Neuromuscular junction
- Neurotransmitter
- Presynaptic terminal
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Bungarotoxin
- Wikipedia's article - Bungarotoxin
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