CYP2C19
CYP2C19
CYP2C19 (pronounced "sip-two-see-nineteen") is a gene that encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. These proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids.
Etymology
The CYP in CYP2C19 stands for cytochrome P450. The 2C refers to the specific family within the cytochrome P450 superfamily that this gene belongs to. The 19 is an arbitrary number assigned to distinguish this gene from others in the same family.
Function
The enzyme encoded by CYP2C19 is involved in the metabolism of a variety of drugs and other xenobiotics. It is particularly important in the metabolism of drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, antidepressants, and antiplatelet agents.
Polymorphism
There is a significant polymorphism within the CYP2C19 gene. Certain variants of the gene can lead to an enzyme with decreased activity, which can affect the metabolism of drugs and other substances. This can have significant implications for drug dosing and response.
Related Terms
- Cytochrome P450: A large family of enzymes involved in drug metabolism.
- Enzyme: Proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions in the body.
- Polymorphism: The presence of genetic variation within a population.
- Proton pump inhibitors: A type of drug used to reduce stomach acid.
- Antidepressants: Medications used to treat depression.
- Antiplatelet agents: Drugs that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on CYP2C19
- Wikipedia's article - CYP2C19
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