CYP450
CYP450
CYP450 (pronunciation: sɪp fɔːr hʌndrəd fɪfti, from the Greek cyto meaning "cell" and chrome meaning "color") is a superfamily of enzymes known as Cytochrome P450 enzymes. These enzymes are involved in many processes within the body, including the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics.
Etymology
The name "CYP450" comes from the spectral properties of the enzyme when it is bound to carbon monoxide. The enzyme absorbs light maximally at 450 nm when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide.
Function
CYP450 enzymes are primarily located in the liver but can also be found in other tissues of the body such as the intestines, lungs, and kidneys. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of a wide variety of substances, including drugs, toxins, and endogenous compounds. The enzymes function by adding an oxygen atom to the substance being metabolized, a process known as oxidation.
Subfamilies
There are several subfamilies of CYP450 enzymes, each of which metabolizes a different set of substances. These include CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3, among others. Each subfamily is further divided into individual enzymes, denoted by a number following the subfamily name (e.g., CYP2D6).
Clinical Significance
The activity of CYP450 enzymes can vary greatly between individuals, leading to differences in drug metabolism and response. This variability can be due to genetic factors, environmental factors, or a combination of both. Understanding an individual's CYP450 enzyme profile can help in predicting their response to certain drugs and in personalizing their drug therapy.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on CYP450
- Wikipedia's article - CYP450
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