Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
Cerebral Salt-Wasting Syndrome
Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (pronunciation: sə-ˈrē-brəl ˈsȯlt-ˈwā-stiŋ sin-ˈdrōm) is a rare endocrine disorder that can occur in patients with brain injury or disease. It is characterized by the excessive excretion of sodium in the urine, leading to hyponatremia and a decrease in extracellular fluid volume.
Etymology
The term "cerebral" refers to the brain, "salt-wasting" describes the loss of sodium from the body, and "syndrome" indicates a group of symptoms that consistently occur together.
Symptoms
Symptoms of cerebral salt-wasting syndrome may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, muscle weakness, and seizures. These symptoms are primarily due to hyponatremia.
Causes
Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome is often associated with conditions that can cause damage to the brain, such as traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumor, or meningitis. The exact cause of the syndrome is not well understood, but it is thought to involve an increase in the secretion of natriuretic peptides by the brain, which promotes sodium excretion by the kidneys.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cerebral salt-wasting syndrome can be challenging, as its symptoms and laboratory findings are similar to those of the more common condition syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). However, unlike SIADH, cerebral salt-wasting syndrome is associated with a decrease in extracellular fluid volume.
Treatment
Treatment of cerebral salt-wasting syndrome primarily involves the replacement of lost sodium and fluid. This can be achieved through intravenous therapy with sodium and fluid replacement, and in some cases, fludrocortisone may be used to increase sodium reabsorption by the kidneys.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
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