Clinical depression

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Clinical Depression

Clinical depression, also known as Major Depressive Disorder (pronounced klih-nih-kul deh-preh-shun), is a common and serious mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person's ability to function at work and at home.

Etymology

The term "depression" comes from the Latin word "deprimere", which means "to press down". The prefix "clinical" is used to emphasize that the depression is of sufficient severity to warrant treatment by a health professional.

Symptoms

Symptoms of clinical depression can vary from mild to severe and can include:

  • Feeling sad or having a depressed mood
  • Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
  • Changes in appetite — weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting
  • Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
  • Loss of energy or increased fatigue
  • Feeling worthless or guilty
  • Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
  • Thoughts of death or suicide

Causes

Clinical depression is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It can happen at any age, but often begins in adulthood. Certain medical conditions may also trigger clinical depression, including some hormone disorders or a chronic illness.

Treatment

Treatment for clinical depression often involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and self-care. Antidepressants are commonly used, along with therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT). Lifestyle changes, such as improving sleep habits, increasing physical activity, and avoiding alcohol, can also help manage symptoms.

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