Floppy eyelid syndrome
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome
Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is a rare medical disorder characterized by chronically lax and rubbery upper eyelids that easily evert, often during sleep, leading to irritation, inflammation, and potential damage to the surface of the eye.
Pronunciation
Floppy eyelid syndrome: /ˈflɒpi ˈaɪlɪd ˈsɪndroʊm/
Etymology
The term "floppy eyelid syndrome" is derived from the characteristic laxity and rubbery texture of the upper eyelids in affected individuals. The term "syndrome" is used to denote a group of symptoms that consistently occur together.
Symptoms
Symptoms of FES include chronic conjunctivitis, keratitis, dry eye, and corneal ulceration. Many patients also experience non-ocular symptoms, such as snoring and sleep apnea, due to the association between FES and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Causes
The exact cause of FES is unknown, but it is often associated with obesity, sleep apnea, and chronic eye rubbing. It is believed that mechanical forces, such as chronic eye rubbing or nocturnal eyelid eversion, may lead to a weakening of the tarsal plate, resulting in the characteristic eyelid laxity.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of FES is typically based on clinical examination, including the observation of eyelid laxity, conjunctival inflammation, and corneal changes. Additional tests, such as polysomnography, may be performed to assess for associated conditions like sleep apnea.
Treatment
Treatment of FES typically involves addressing the underlying cause, if known, and managing symptoms. This may include the use of artificial tears or topical steroids for eye symptoms, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for associated sleep apnea.
Related Terms
- Blepharitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Lagophthalmos
- Nocturnal lagophthalmos
- Obstructive sleep apnea
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Floppy eyelid syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Floppy eyelid syndrome
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