Gabapentinoid
Gabapentinoid
Gabapentinoid (pronunciation: /ɡæbəˈpɛntɪnɔɪd/) is a class of drugs that includes two FDA-approved medications, Gabapentin and Pregabalin. These drugs are primarily used to treat neuropathic pain, seizures, and anxiety disorders.
Etymology
The term "Gabapentinoid" is derived from "Gabapentin", the first drug of this class to be synthesized. "Gabapentin" itself is a combination of the words "GABA", an abbreviation for gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter in the brain, and "Pentin", which refers to the pentane (five carbon atoms) structure of the molecule.
Related Terms
- Neuropathic pain: A type of pain caused by damage to the nervous system.
- Seizures: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
- Anxiety disorders: A group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid: A naturally occurring amino acid that works as a neurotransmitter in your brain.
Pharmacology
Gabapentinoids work by binding to the α2δ (alpha-2-delta) subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the central nervous system. This reduces calcium influx when the channels open in response to an action potential, which inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and thus reduces neuronal excitability and the perception of pain.
Uses
Gabapentinoids are used in the treatment of various conditions including neuropathic pain, seizures, and anxiety disorders. They are also used off-label for a variety of other conditions, including fibromyalgia, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome.
Side Effects
Common side effects of gabapentinoids include dizziness, drowsiness, and peripheral edema. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, especially when combined with opioids, and an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Gabapentinoid
- Wikipedia's article - Gabapentinoid
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