Gap junctions
Gap Junctions
Gap junctions (pronounced: gap junc·tions) are specialized intercellular connections between a multitude of animal cell-types. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells.
Etymology
The term "gap junction" is derived from the apparent gap that is seen between two cells when viewed under an electron microscope. This "gap" is actually filled with channel proteins that form a connection between the two cells.
Structure
A gap junction channel is composed of two connexons (or hemichannels), which connect across the intercellular space. Connexons are made up of six molecules of connexin and are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus before they are transported to the plasma membrane.
Function
Gap junctions are best known for their role in intercellular communication. They allow for the direct passage of ions and small molecules, mediating the exchange of nutrients, signaling molecules, and electrical signals. This is crucial for many physiological processes, including cardiac muscle contraction, neuronal activity, and embryonic development.
Related Terms
- Connexin
- Connexons
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Cardiac muscle
- Neuronal
- Embryonic development
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Gap junctions
- Wikipedia's article - Gap junctions
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