Janus kinase inhibitor
Janus Kinase Inhibitor
Janus kinase inhibitors, also known as JAK inhibitors, are a type of medication that functions by inhibiting the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2), thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
Pronunciation
- Janus: /ˈdʒeɪnəs/
- Kinase: /kɪˈneɪs/
- Inhibitor: /ɪnˈhɪbɪtər/
Etymology
The term "Janus kinase inhibitor" is derived from the name of the Roman god Janus, who is often depicted with two faces, as these enzymes have two phosphorylating regions. "Kinase" is derived from the Greek word kinēsis, meaning movement, and "inhibitor" comes from the Latin word inhibēre, meaning to restrain or prevent.
Related Terms
- Janus kinase: A family of intracellular, nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK-STAT pathway.
- JAK-STAT signaling pathway: A chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumor formation.
- Cytokine: A broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling.
- Tyrosine kinase: An enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell.
Usage
Janus kinase inhibitors are used in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain types of cancer. They work by blocking the action of Janus kinases, which are enzymes that play a key role in the immune response and in the growth of certain types of cancer cells.
Side Effects
Like all medications, Janus kinase inhibitors can cause side effects. These may include infections, changes in blood cell counts, and liver problems. It is important to discuss these potential side effects with a healthcare provider before starting treatment with a Janus kinase inhibitor.
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