Microcephalic
Microcephalic
Microcephalic (pronunciation: /ˌmaɪkroʊsɪˈfælɪk/) is a medical term used to describe a significantly smaller than average head size, often due to a developmental issue in the brain.
Etymology
The term "Microcephalic" is derived from the Greek words "mikros" meaning small and "kephale" meaning head.
Definition
Microcephalic is a condition characterized by a head circumference that is more than two standard deviations below the mean for age and sex. It is often associated with intellectual disability and developmental delays.
Causes
Microcephaly can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic causes include chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome and Rett syndrome. Environmental factors can include exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy, such as alcohol, certain drugs, or infections like Zika virus.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of microcephaly can be made prenatally or after birth. Prenatal diagnosis is often made through an ultrasound during the second trimester of pregnancy. Postnatal diagnosis is made by measuring the circumference of the newborn's head and comparing it to standardized growth charts.
Treatment
There is no cure for microcephaly. Treatment is supportive and focuses on managing symptoms and optimizing the child's abilities. This may include physical therapy, speech therapy, and educational support.
Related Terms
- Macrocephaly: A condition characterized by a head circumference that is significantly larger than average.
- Craniosynostosis: A condition in which the sutures in a baby's skull fuse too early.
- Zika virus: A virus transmitted primarily by mosquitoes, which can cause microcephaly in babies if the mother is infected during pregnancy.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Microcephalic
- Wikipedia's article - Microcephalic
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