Molecular cytogenetics
Molecular Cytogenetics
Molecular cytogenetics (pronunciation: mo-le-cu-lar cy-to-gen-et-ics) is a branch of genetics that combines aspects of molecular biology and cytogenetics. This field is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes.
Etymology
The term "molecular cytogenetics" is derived from three Greek words: "molekular" meaning "mass", "kytos" meaning "cell", and "genetikos" meaning "relative to birth". It was first used in the late 20th century, as techniques advanced to allow for the study of genetics on a molecular level.
Overview
Molecular cytogenetics involves the combination of molecular biology and cytogenetics. This involves using various techniques to better understand the genetic makeup of cells. Molecular cytogenetics is often used in research and clinical settings to diagnose and treat genetic disorders.
Techniques
There are several techniques used in molecular cytogenetics, including:
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): This technique is used to detect and locate specific DNA sequences on chromosomes.
- Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH): This technique is used to detect and measure changes in the DNA copy number.
- Spectral karyotyping (SKY): This technique is used to simultaneously visualize all human chromosomes in different colors.
Related Terms
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Molecular cytogenetics
- Wikipedia's article - Molecular cytogenetics
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