Mycobacterium africanum
Mycobacterium africanum
Mycobacterium africanum (pronunciation: my-co-bac-te-ri-um af-ri-can-um) is a type of bacteria that is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). It is primarily found in West Africa and is known to cause tuberculosis in humans.
Etymology
The term "Mycobacterium" is derived from the Greek words "mykes" (fungus) and "bakterion" (small rod), referring to the bacterium's rod-like shape. "Africanum" is a Latin term meaning "African," indicating the bacterium's prevalence in Africa.
Description
Mycobacterium africanum is a slow-growing bacterium that shares many characteristics with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the primary cause of tuberculosis. It is acid-fast and non-motile, with a high lipid content in its cell wall. This bacterium is an obligate aerobe, meaning it requires oxygen to survive.
Epidemiology
Mycobacterium africanum is primarily found in West Africa, particularly in countries such as Gambia, Ghana, and Nigeria. It is responsible for up to half of all tuberculosis cases in these regions. The bacterium is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Clinical Significance
Infection with Mycobacterium africanum can lead to the development of tuberculosis. Symptoms of this disease include a persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics over a period of several months.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mycobacterium africanum
- Wikipedia's article - Mycobacterium africanum
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