Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis (pronunciation: /ˌnʊəroʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/) is the process by which new neurons or 'nerve cells' are generated in the brain. This process is most active during pre-natal development and is responsible for populating the growing brain with neurons.
Etymology
The term 'neurogenesis' is derived from the Greek words 'neuron' meaning 'nerve' and 'genesis' meaning 'origin or creation'.
Process
Neurogenesis involves the birth of new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the neural tube. This process includes the stages of proliferation, migration, differentiation and maturation.
Locations
In the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis primarily occurs in two regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
Factors affecting Neurogenesis
Various factors such as age, stress, brain injury, and environmental factors can influence neurogenesis. It is also affected by various molecular pathways including Notch signaling, Wnt signaling, and Sonic hedgehog signaling.
Related Terms
- Neuron
- Neural stem cells
- Subventricular zone
- Dentate gyrus
- Hippocampus
- Notch signaling
- Wnt signaling
- Sonic hedgehog signaling
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Neurogenesis
- Wikipedia's article - Neurogenesis
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