Procerus
Procerus
Procerus (/proʊˈsɪərəs/), from the Latin procerus, meaning "elongated", is a small pyramidal slip of muscle located at the middle of the forehead. It is one of the muscles involved in facial expression, specifically in frowning.
Anatomy
The Procerus muscle originates from the lower part of the nasal bone and the adjacent part of the upper lateral nasal cartilage. It extends up to the skin of the lower part of the forehead, between the eyebrows. Its primary function is to pull the skin between the eyebrows downwards, which produces transverse wrinkles over the bridge of the nose.
Function
The Procerus muscle is primarily responsible for pulling down the medial angle of the eyebrow, giving the face a frowning appearance. It also assists in the flaring of the nostrils. It is controlled by the facial nerve, specifically the temporal branch.
Clinical Significance
In conditions such as Bell's palsy, where there is a paralysis of the facial nerve, the function of the Procerus muscle may be affected. This can result in an inability to frown or wrinkle the forehead. In cosmetic procedures, Botox injections can be used to temporarily paralyze the Procerus muscle, reducing the appearance of frown lines and wrinkles.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Procerus
- Wikipedia's article - Procerus
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