Stem Cell
Stem Cell
Stem cells (/stɛm sɛlz/) are a type of cell that can develop into many different types of cells in the body. They also serve as a repair system, replenishing adult tissues.
Etymology
The term "stem cell" was coined by the Russian histologist Alexander Maksimov in 1908. The term "stem" refers to the cell's potential to develop into various cell types, like the stem of a plant.
Types of Stem Cells
There are several types of stem cells, including:
- Embryonic stem cells: These stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. They are pluripotent, meaning they can divide into more stem cells or become any type of cell in the body.
- Adult stem cells: These stem cells are found in small numbers in most adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells have a more limited ability to give rise to various cells of the body.
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): These are cells that have been engineered in the lab to have the properties of embryonic stem cells. Scientists alter the genes in adult cells so that they behave more like embryonic stem cells.
Medical Applications
Stem cells have been used in various medical treatments, including bone marrow transplant, therapies for Parkinson's disease, heart disease, and diabetes. They also have potential applications in treating spinal cord injuries and cancer.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Stem Cell
- Wikipedia's article - Stem Cell
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