Type III hypersensitivity
Type III Hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity (pronunciation: /taɪp θriː haɪ.pɚ.sɛn.sɪ.tɪ.vɪ.ti/), also known as immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity, is one of the four types of hypersensitivity reactions in the immune system.
Etymology
The term "hypersensitivity" comes from the Greek words "hyper" (meaning over or above) and "sensitivity". The "Type III" designation is part of a classification system for hypersensitivity reactions, with each type representing a different underlying mechanism.
Definition
Type III hypersensitivity occurs when there is an excess of antigens in the body, leading to the formation of immune complexes. These complexes can deposit in various tissues, causing inflammation and damage. This type of hypersensitivity is often associated with systemic diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Mechanism
In Type III hypersensitivity, the immune system produces an excessive amount of antibodies in response to an antigen. These antibodies bind to the antigens, forming immune complexes. When these complexes are not properly cleared by the body, they can deposit in tissues and blood vessels, triggering an inflammatory response. This inflammation can lead to tissue damage and various clinical symptoms.
Clinical Manifestations
Clinical manifestations of Type III hypersensitivity can vary widely, depending on the location and extent of immune complex deposition. Common symptoms can include fever, joint pain, skin rashes, and kidney damage. In severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening conditions such as vasculitis and glomerulonephritis.
Related Terms
- Antigen
- Antibody
- Hypersensitivity
- Immune Complex
- Inflammation
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Vasculitis
- Glomerulonephritis
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Type III hypersensitivity
- Wikipedia's article - Type III hypersensitivity
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