Alpha-synuclein
Alpha-synuclein
Alpha-synuclein (pronounced al-fa-sin-yoo-kleen) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SNCA gene. It is abundant in the brain, and its primary function is not fully understood, although it is known to play a role in maintaining a supply of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals.
Etymology
The term "alpha-synuclein" is derived from the Greek words "syn" (together) and "nuclein" (in the nucleus), referring to the protein's ability to congregate and its initial identification in the nucleus. The "alpha" designation indicates it was the first of the synuclein family of proteins to be discovered.
Function
Alpha-synuclein is a small protein that is predominantly expressed in the neuron of the brain. It is found mainly at the tips of nerve cells in specialized structures called presynaptic terminals. Within these structures, alpha-synuclein interacts with phospholipids and proteins. It is involved in the regulation of dopamine release, which is a neurotransmitter that plays several important roles in the brain and body.
Clinical significance
Alpha-synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies, which are abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells in Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, and some other disorders. These disorders are known as synucleinopathies.
Related terms
- Beta-synuclein: A protein that is similar in structure to alpha-synuclein and may function in preventing the formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates.
- Gamma-synuclein: Another member of the synuclein family, which is implicated in some forms of breast cancer.
- Synucleinopathies: A group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibers, or glial cells.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Alpha-synuclein
- Wikipedia's article - Alpha-synuclein
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