Ames strain

Ames Strain

The Ames strain is a specific strain of the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which is the causative agent of the disease anthrax. This strain is notable for its use in research and its involvement in the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States.

History

The Ames strain was first isolated in 1981 from a dead cow in Texas, United States. Despite its name, the strain was not isolated in Ames, Iowa; rather, it was sent to the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) from Ames, Iowa, which led to its naming.

Characteristics

The Ames strain is a virulent strain of Bacillus anthracis and is characterized by its ability to form spores, which are highly resistant to environmental conditions. These spores can survive for long periods in the environment, making them a significant concern for bioterrorism and biological warfare.

Use in Research

The Ames strain has been extensively used in research due to its virulence and genetic characteristics. It has been used to study the pathogenesis of anthrax, the development of vaccines, and the testing of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents.

2001 Anthrax Attacks

In 2001, the Ames strain gained notoriety when it was used in a series of bioterrorism attacks in the United States. Letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news media offices and two Democratic Senators, resulting in five deaths and 17 infections. The investigation into these attacks, known as Amerithrax, was one of the largest and most complex in the history of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Genetic Analysis

Genetic analysis of the Ames strain has been crucial in understanding its virulence and in tracing the source of the 2001 anthrax attacks. Advances in genomics have allowed scientists to sequence the genome of the Ames strain, providing insights into its genetic makeup and potential vulnerabilities.

Safety and Handling

Due to its high virulence, the Ames strain is classified as a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) pathogen. Laboratories handling this strain must adhere to strict safety protocols to prevent accidental exposure or release.

Also see

• Anthrax
• Bacillus anthracis
• Bioterrorism
• Amerithrax
• Biosafety Level 3