Anal columns

Anal columns

The Anal columns, also known as columns of Morgagni, are small, longitudinal folds of mucous membrane in the upper half of the anal canal. They are named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni, an Italian anatomist who first described them in the 18th century.

Etymology

The term "Anal columns" is derived from the Latin words "anus", which means "ring", and "columna", which means "pillar". The term "columns of Morgagni" is named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni, an Italian anatomist who first described these structures.

Anatomy

The anal columns are located in the upper half of the anal canal, and they are formed by an infolding of the mucous membrane. They are usually about 5 to 10 in number, and they extend vertically downward from the level of the line of Hilton to the upper end of the anal valves. Each column contains a terminal branch of the superior rectal artery and vein, and a plexus of nerves.

Function

The primary function of the anal columns is to help maintain continence. They do this by creating a tight seal in the anal canal when the muscles of the rectum and anus contract. This prevents the involuntary passage of feces and gas.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities or diseases of the anal columns can lead to conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and rectal prolapse. Hemorrhoids, for example, are caused by the enlargement of the veins within the anal columns.

Related terms

• Anal canal
• Anal valves
• Hemorrhoids
• Anal fissures
• Rectal prolapse

See also

• Giovanni Battista Morgagni
• Anatomy of the anus

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  Gray's Anatomy illustration of anal columns