Aniline
Aniline
Aniline (/ˈænɪliːn/ AN-i-leen) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. It is the simplest aromatic amine.
Etymology
The term "aniline" was coined by the German chemist Otto Unverdorben in 1826. He obtained it by distilling indigo. The name is derived from the Portuguese word for indigo, 'anil', which itself is derived from the Sanskrit word 'nila', meaning dark blue.
Description
Aniline is a slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic odor. It boils at 184°C and freezes at -6°C. It is slightly soluble in water and mixes readily with most organic solvents. Aniline is stable in storage, although it darkens upon exposure to air and light.
Production
Aniline is produced industrially by the reaction of benzene with nitric acid, followed by reduction of the resulting nitrobenzene with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
Uses
Aniline is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products such as dyes, drugs, plastics, and rubber. It is also used as a solvent and as an antiknock agent for gasoline.
Health Effects
Exposure to aniline can cause a variety of health effects, including methemoglobinemia, a condition in which the blood's ability to carry oxygen is impaired. Other effects can include damage to the liver and kidneys, and an increased risk of bladder cancer.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Aniline
- Wikipedia's article - Aniline
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