Arbovirus
Arbovirus
Arbovirus (/ɑːrboʊˈvaɪrəs/; from arthropod-borne virus) is a term used to refer to any viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. The word arbovirus is an acronym (ARthropod-BOrne virus). Arboviruses can affect both humans and animals and are widely distributed across the globe.
Etymology
The term "Arbovirus" is derived from ARthropod-BOrne VIRUS. Arthropods are invertebrates that have an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. This includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. Borne means carried or transported by. Thus, an arbovirus is a virus that is carried or transported by arthropods.
Classification
Arboviruses belong to several taxonomic families including Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. Each of these families includes numerous individual virus species.
Transmission
Arboviruses are primarily transmitted through the bites of infected arthropods, such as mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles species) and ticks (Ixodes species). Some arboviruses can also be transmitted from person to person, through blood transfusion, organ transplant, or from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.
Diseases
Arboviruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases in humans, including Zika virus, Dengue fever, Yellow fever, West Nile virus, Chikungunya, Eastern equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis.
Prevention and Control
Prevention and control of arboviruses primarily involve vector control measures and personal protective measures to avoid arthropod bites. Vaccines are available for some arboviruses, such as Yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Arbovirus
- Wikipedia's article - Arbovirus
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