Artificial tears

Artificial tears

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  Various brands of artificial tears

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  An eye drop being administered

Artificial Tears

Artificial tears are lubricating eye drops used to relieve dryness and irritation of the ocular surface. They are a mainstay in the management of dry eye syndrome, a condition characterized by insufficient tear production or excessive tear evaporation.

Composition

Artificial tears are formulated to mimic the composition of natural tear film. They typically contain a combination of water, electrolytes, and polymers. Common polymers used include carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. These ingredients help to increase the viscosity of the solution, prolonging its contact time with the ocular surface.

Mechanism of Action

Artificial tears work by supplementing the natural tear film, providing lubrication, and reducing friction between the eyelid and the cornea. They help to maintain the integrity of the ocular surface and prevent damage from desiccation. Some formulations also contain electrolytes to support the health of the corneal epithelium.

Indications

Artificial tears are primarily indicated for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. They are also used in conditions such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, blepharitis, and after ocular surgery to promote healing and comfort. Additionally, they can be used to alleviate discomfort from environmental factors such as wind, smoke, or prolonged screen time.

Types of Artificial Tears

Artificial tears are available in various formulations, including:

• Preservative-free: These are recommended for frequent use or for individuals with sensitive eyes, as they reduce the risk of preservative-induced irritation.
• Viscous gels and ointments: These provide longer-lasting relief but may cause temporary blurred vision. They are often used at bedtime.
• Lipid-based drops: These are designed to address deficiencies in the lipid layer of the tear film, reducing evaporation.

Administration

Artificial tears are typically administered as needed, with frequency depending on the severity of symptoms. It is important to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional or the product labeling. Patients should be advised to avoid touching the tip of the dropper to any surface, including the eye, to prevent contamination.

Side Effects

While generally safe, artificial tears can cause side effects in some individuals. These may include temporary blurred vision, eye irritation, or allergic reactions. Patients should discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider if they experience persistent discomfort or adverse effects.

Related Pages

• Dry eye syndrome
• Tear film
• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
• Blepharitis
• Ocular surface

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