Benzalkonium chloride

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Benzalkonium Chloride

Benzalkonium chloride (pronounced ben-zal-KOH-nee-um KLOR-ide), often abbreviated as BAC, is a type of antiseptic used in many biocidal applications. It is a member of the quaternary ammonium compounds family, or Quats.

Etymology

The term "Benzalkonium" is derived from benzyl and alkonium, indicating its structure which includes a benzyl group attached to an alkyl group. "Chloride" refers to the anion that is paired with the cationic part of the molecule.

Usage

Benzalkonium chloride is widely used in pharmaceutical products such as eye, ear, and nasal drops or sprays, as a preservative. It is also used in hard surface disinfectants, hand sanitizers, and personal care products due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.

Mechanism of Action

Benzalkonium chloride works by disrupting the cell membrane of microorganisms, leading to cell death. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Safety and Precautions

While generally considered safe for topical use, benzalkonium chloride can cause skin and eye irritation. It is also toxic if ingested. Therefore, products containing benzalkonium chloride should be used with caution.

Related Terms

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