Bhakti movement

Nammazhwar

Shiva poet-saint devotee (2)

Dhekiakhowa Bornamghar

Thiruthalinathar Shiva temple, Tiruppathur Tamil Nadu - 04

Andal-painting

Meerabai (crop)

Bhakti Movement was a Hindu religious movement that promoted the belief in and the love of a personal God. Originating in South India in the 7th century CE, it spread throughout the Indian subcontinent over the ensuing centuries, reaching its peak between the 15th and 17th centuries. The movement was characterized by its disregard for caste distinctions and its emphasis on devotion (Bhakti) as the means to attain Moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth). It played a crucial role in shaping the religious landscape of India, influencing not just Hinduism but also other religions such as Sikhism and Jainism.

Origins and Development

The Bhakti movement's roots are often traced back to the Tamil saints, known as the Alvars and Nayanars, who lived between the 6th and 9th centuries. These saints expressed their devotion to Vishnu and Shiva through passionate poetry and songs, setting the foundation for Bhakti literature and practice. The movement later spread to other parts of India, with saints such as Kabir, Ramananda, Tulsidas, Mirabai, and Guru Nanak playing pivotal roles in its expansion.

Philosophy and Teachings

The core philosophy of the Bhakti movement revolves around the unconditional love and devotion towards a personal god, which is seen as the path to salvation. This devotional sentiment transcends the traditional Vedic rituals and the caste system, advocating for a direct and personal relationship with the divine. The movement emphasized the importance of Kirtan (devotional singing), Nama Japa (repetition of God's name), and the company of saints and devotees (Satsang) as means to cultivate devotion.

Impact on Society

The Bhakti movement had a profound impact on Indian society and culture. It challenged the caste system by promoting the idea that all individuals, regardless of caste, have equal access to God. This inclusivity helped to foster a sense of unity and equality among its followers. The movement also contributed significantly to the development of regional languages and literature, as Bhakti poets wrote in the vernacular, making their spiritual messages accessible to a wider audience.

Legacy

The legacy of the Bhakti movement is evident in the continued popularity of its saints, their poetry, and the practices they advocated. It has influenced various aspects of Indian culture, including music, dance, and art. The movement's emphasis on devotion and the personal experience of the divine continues to resonate with millions of people, both in India and around the world.

See Also

• Hindu Reform Movements
• Sufism in India
• Sant Mat
• Vaishnavism
• Shaivism

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