Carbonic anhydrase 12

Carbonic Anhydrase 12

Carbonic Anhydrase 12 protein structure

Carbonic Anhydrase 12 (CA12) is an enzyme that belongs to the carbonic anhydrase family. It is encoded by the CA12 gene, which is located on chromosome 15 in humans. CA12 plays a crucial role in the regulation of acid-base balance in various tissues and organs.

Structure

The protein structure of Carbonic Anhydrase 12 consists of a single polypeptide chain composed of 260 amino acids. It contains a zinc ion at its active site, which is essential for its catalytic activity. The enzyme adopts a globular shape, with several alpha-helices and beta-sheets forming its tertiary structure.

Function

CA12 is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is involved in the production of bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions play a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of the body fluids. CA12 catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions and protons, thereby regulating the acid-base balance.

Furthermore, CA12 has been found to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. Its upregulation in cancer cells is associated with increased cell proliferation and survival. This suggests that CA12 may have a role in tumor growth and progression.

Clinical Significance

Due to its involvement in cancer progression, Carbonic Anhydrase 12 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Inhibitors of CA12 have been developed and tested in preclinical studies, showing promising results in reducing tumor growth and metastasis.

Additionally, CA12 has been implicated in certain genetic disorders, such as autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. Mutations in the CA12 gene can lead to impaired bone resorption, resulting in increased bone density and susceptibility to fractures.

See Also

• Carbonic Anhydrase
• Enzyme
• Acid-Base Balance
• Cancer
• Osteopetrosis