Chloramben
Chloramben is a selective herbicide used to control the growth of weeds in various crops. It is a member of the benzoic acid class of herbicides and is known for its effectiveness in controlling a wide range of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.
Chemical Properties
Chloramben is a white crystalline solid with a slight aromatic odor. It is soluble in most organic solvents but is practically insoluble in water. The chemical formula of chloramben is C7H3Cl2NO2 and its molecular weight is 212.01 g/mol.
Mode of Action
Chloramben works by inhibiting the process of cell division in the meristematic region of weed seedlings. This prevents the weed from growing and eventually leads to its death. The herbicide is absorbed by the roots of the weed and is transported to the growing points where it exerts its action.
Usage
Chloramben is used pre-emergence or pre-plant incorporated. It is applied to the soil surface and is activated by rainfall or irrigation. The herbicide is used in a variety of crops including soybean, cotton, peanut, sunflower, and tobacco.
Safety and Toxicity
Chloramben is moderately toxic if ingested or inhaled. It can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Long-term exposure can lead to more serious health effects such as damage to the liver and kidneys. It is recommended to use protective clothing and equipment when handling this herbicide.
Environmental Impact
Chloramben is moderately persistent in the soil with a half-life of 30 to 60 days. It has low mobility and is unlikely to leach into groundwater. However, it can be toxic to aquatic organisms and non-target plants if it enters water bodies.
Regulation
In the United States, chloramben is classified as a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This means that it can only be used by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision.
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