Cholangitis

Cholangitis is an infection of the bile duct, a system of tubes that transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder and the small intestine. This condition can be life-threatening and often requires hospitalization.

Causes

Cholangitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, which can occur when the duct is blocked by something, such as a gallstone or a tumor. The bacteria can also spread to the liver, causing hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Symptoms

The classic symptoms of cholangitis are known as Charcot's triad, which includes jaundice, fever, and abdominal pain. Some patients may also experience Reynold's pentad, which adds hypotension and mental confusion to the triad.

Diagnosis

Cholangitis is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and medical imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Blood tests can also be used to check for signs of infection or inflammation.

Treatment

Treatment for cholangitis usually involves antibiotics to fight the infection and procedures to relieve blockage of the bile duct. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the gallbladder or parts of the liver.

Prognosis

The prognosis for cholangitis varies depending on the cause and severity of the condition, as well as the patient's overall health. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people recover fully. However, if left untreated, cholangitis can lead to serious, potentially life-threatening complications such as sepsis or liver failure.

See also

• Biliary tract
• Gallstones
• Liver disease