Cystine
Cystine
Cystine (/ˈsɪstiːn/ or /ˈsɪstaɪn/) is a semi-essential non-proteinogenic amino acid. It is formed from dimerization of two cysteine residues via a disulfide bond.
Etymology
The term "Cystine" comes from the Greek word "kustis" meaning bladder. It was first isolated from kidney stones in 1810 by William Hyde Wollaston.
Function
Cystine is an important structural and functional component of many proteins and enzymes. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural stability of proteins by forming disulfide bridges. This stability is essential for the biological function and three-dimensional structure of many proteins.
Related Terms
- Cysteine: An amino acid that combines to form cystine.
- Disulfide bond: A strong covalent bond that is significant in defining the folded structures of proteins, including cystine.
- Amino acid: Organic compounds that combine to form proteins. Cystine is a type of amino acid.
- Protein: A complex molecule that is essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Cystine is a component of many proteins.
- Enzyme: Proteins that act as biological catalysts. Cystine is a component of many enzymes.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cystine
- Wikipedia's article - Cystine
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