Epispadias

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Epispadias
File:Epispadias in a boy aged two years Wellcome L0062463.jpg
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abnormal urethral opening, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections
Complications	Infertility, urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Developmental defect
Risks	Family history, genetic factors
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Hypospadias, bladder exstrophy
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgical repair
Medication	Antibiotics for infections
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Epispadias is a rare type of malformation of the penis in males or the urethra in females that is present at birth. This condition is characterized by the abnormal location of the urethra, the tube that drains urine from the body.

Introduction

In males with epispadias, the urethra generally opens on the top or side of the penis rather than the tip. However, it can also be present along the entire length of the penis. In females, the urethral opening can be located in the abdomen or the area between the clitoris and the labia.

Causes

Epispadias is caused by a malfunction during the early stages of pregnancy. The exact reason for this malfunction is not known, but it is believed to be related to improper development of the pubic bone. In many cases, epispadias is associated with bladder exstrophy, a condition in which the bladder is turned inside out and exposed on the outside of the abdomen.

Symptoms

The symptoms of epispadias can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include a wide, short penis with an abnormal curvature, a small, open bladder, and urinary incontinence.

Diagnosis

Epispadias is usually diagnosed at birth by a physical examination. Additional tests may be performed to determine the severity of the condition and to check for any associated abnormalities. These tests may include a ultrasound, a cystoscopy, or a voiding cystourethrogram.

Treatment

The treatment for epispadias usually involves surgery to correct the position of the urethral opening and, in males, to straighten the penis. In some cases, additional surgery may be needed to manage urinary incontinence. The goal of treatment is to improve the appearance and function of the genitalia and to achieve urinary and fecal continence.

See also

• Hypospadias
• Bladder exstrophy
• Urinary incontinence