Folliculitis decalvans
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| Folliculitis decalvans | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
| Symptoms | Hair loss, scarring, pustules |
| Complications | Permanent hair loss |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | |
| Causes | Staphylococcus aureus infection |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, skin biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Alopecia areata, tinea capitis, discoid lupus erythematosus |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, topical steroids |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | |
| Deaths | |
Folliculitis decalvans is a rare, chronic inflammatory condition of the scalp that leads to scarring hair loss. It is characterized by the destruction of hair follicles, resulting in permanent hair loss and scarring.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Folliculitis decalvans is believed to be an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the hair follicles. The exact cause is not well understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and bacterial infection, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with folliculitis decalvans typically present with:
- Alopecia (hair loss)
- Pustules and papules on the scalp
- Erythema (redness)
- Crusting and scaling
- Itching and tenderness
The condition often begins with small patches of hair loss that gradually expand over time.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of folliculitis decalvans is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the scalp. A skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes of scarring alopecia. Bacterial cultures may be taken to identify any secondary infections.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for folliculitis decalvans include:
- Antibiotics to control bacterial infection
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
- Immunosuppressive drugs in severe cases
- Topical treatments such as antiseptic shampoos
Management focuses on controlling symptoms and preventing further hair loss, as there is no cure for the condition.
Prognosis[edit]
Folliculitis decalvans is a chronic condition that can be difficult to manage. While treatment can help control symptoms and slow progression, the scarring and hair loss are usually permanent.
