Frontal gyri
Frontal Gyri
The frontal gyri are a group of gyri located in the frontal lobe of the human brain. These gyri are involved in various high-level brain functions, including cognition, decision making, and voluntary movement. The frontal gyri are typically divided into three main regions: the superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, and the inferior frontal gyrus.
Superior Frontal Gyrus
The superior frontal gyrus is located at the top of the frontal lobe and extends from the frontal pole to the precentral gyrus. It is involved in self-awareness and in the coordination of complex cognitive tasks. The superior frontal gyrus is also associated with working memory and the control of attention.
Middle Frontal Gyrus
The middle frontal gyrus lies between the superior and inferior frontal gyri. It plays a crucial role in executive functions, such as planning, problem-solving, and the regulation of emotions. The middle frontal gyrus is also involved in the processing of language and the integration of sensory information.
Inferior Frontal Gyrus
The inferior frontal gyrus is located below the middle frontal gyrus and is divided into three parts: the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis. This region is critical for language production and comprehension, particularly in the left hemisphere where it forms part of Broca's area. The inferior frontal gyrus is also involved in the processing of risk and reward, as well as in the inhibition of inappropriate responses.
Function and Importance
The frontal gyri are essential for the execution of complex cognitive tasks and the regulation of behavior. They are involved in the integration of sensory information, decision-making processes, and the control of voluntary movements. Damage to these areas can result in deficits in executive function, language disorders, and changes in personality and behavior.
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