Human brain
Human Brain
The Human Brain (pronunciation: /ˈhjuːmən breɪn/) is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body.
Etymology
The term "brain" is derived from the Middle English "brayn", which is also linked to the Old High German "brein" meaning "offspring". The term "human" is derived from the Latin "humanus", the adjective form of "homo", meaning "man".
Structure
The human brain is divided into two symmetrical halves known as cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere is further divided into four main sections or lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe.
Function
The human brain controls and coordinates most sensory systems, movement, behavior, and homeostatic body functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, fluid balance, and body temperature. The brain is responsible for cognition, emotions, memory, and learning.
Related Terms
- Neuron: The basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
- Synapse: A structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.
- Neurotransmitter: Endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
- Cortex: The outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded grey matter and playing an important role in consciousness.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Human brain
- Wikipedia's article - Human brain
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