GNRHR

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNRHR gene. It is a receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hormone that plays pivotal roles in the regulation of human reproduction.

Structure

The GNRHR is a member of the rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors. It is a 328 amino acid protein that is primarily located in the pituitary gland. The receptor is a seven-transmembrane protein that is coupled to the G protein Gq/11 which activates phospholipase C and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) mediated calcium release.

Function

The primary function of the GNRHR is to transduce the signal from GnRH, leading to the release of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. These hormones are critical for gametogenesis and steroidogenesis, and thus for reproductive function in both males and females.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the GNRHR gene can lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), a condition characterized by low levels of gonadotropins and sex steroids, leading to delayed or absent puberty and infertility. Treatment for HH often involves hormone replacement therapy.

See also

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

References

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