Genu varum

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Genu varum
File:XrayRicketsLegssmall.jpg
Synonyms	Bow-leggedness, bandy-leg, tibia vara
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Orthopedics
Symptoms	Outward bowing of the legs
Complications	Knee pain, osteoarthritis
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Can persist into adulthood if untreated
Types	N/A
Causes	Physiological, rickets, Blount's disease, bone dysplasia
Risks	Obesity, vitamin D deficiency
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Genu valgum, Blount's disease, rickets
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Bracing, surgery, vitamin D supplementation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Common in toddlers, less common in older children
Deaths	N/A

File:Hip-knee-ankle angle.png

File:Hip-knee-ankle angle by age.png

File:Osteotomy tibia en.svg

Genu varum

Genu varum, commonly known as bow-leggedness, is a physical deformity marked by outward bowing of the lower leg in relation to the thigh, giving the appearance of an archer's bow. This condition is characterized by a gap between the knees when the ankles are together.

Causes

Genu varum can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Physiological bowing in infants and toddlers, which often corrects itself as the child grows.
• Blount's disease, a growth disorder of the shin bone (tibia).
• Rickets, a condition caused by vitamin D deficiency leading to softening and weakening of the bones.
• Osteoarthritis, which can lead to joint deformities.
• Bone dysplasia, a group of disorders affecting bone growth and development.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of genu varum typically involves:

• A physical examination to assess the alignment of the legs.
• X-ray imaging to determine the degree of bowing and to identify any underlying bone abnormalities.
• Blood tests to check for conditions like rickets or other metabolic disorders.

Treatment

Treatment for genu varum depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Options include:

• Observation and regular monitoring in cases of physiological bowing.
• Bracing or orthotic devices to help correct the alignment in children.
• Surgery, such as osteotomy, to realign the bones in severe cases or when conservative treatments fail.
• Addressing underlying conditions like rickets with appropriate medical treatment.

Prognosis

The prognosis for genu varum varies depending on the cause and the effectiveness of the treatment. Physiological bowing often resolves on its own, while other causes may require medical intervention to prevent complications and improve leg alignment.

See also

• Genu valgum
• Blount's disease
• Rickets
• Osteotomy