Globo H
Globo H is a carbohydrate antigen that is found in many cancer cells, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. It is a hexasaccharide that is associated with the progression of cancer and is being studied as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Structure
Globo H is a hexasaccharide, which means it is composed of six monosaccharide units. The structure of Globo H is as follows: Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer. The fucose (Fuc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) units are linked by α1-2 and β1-3 glycosidic bonds, respectively, to the galactose (Gal) unit. The Gal units are linked by α1-4 and β1-4 glycosidic bonds, respectively, to the other Gal unit and the glucose (Glc) unit. The Glc unit is linked by a β1 bond to the ceramide (Cer) unit.
Role in Cancer
Globo H is highly expressed in many types of cancer cells, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. It is associated with the progression of these cancers and is being studied as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. The presence of Globo H on the surface of cancer cells may help these cells evade the immune system, allowing the cancer to grow and spread. Researchers are developing vaccines and antibodies that target Globo H in an effort to stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells.
Cancer Immunotherapy
Several strategies are being explored to target Globo H in cancer immunotherapy. These include the development of vaccines that stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells expressing Globo H, and the development of antibodies that bind to Globo H and mark cancer cells for destruction by the immune system. Early studies have shown promise, but more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these strategies.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
