Heat stroke

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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Heat stroke
File:The British Army in the Middle East 1943 E26027.jpg
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	High body temperature, confusion, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing
Complications	Seizures, rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, coma
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Hours to days
Types	N/A
Causes	Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, strenuous physical activity in hot weather
Risks	Dehydration, alcohol consumption, certain medications, age extremes (very young or elderly)
Diagnosis	Based on symptoms and body temperature
Differential diagnosis	Heat exhaustion, fever, infection, thyroid storm
Prevention	Hydration, acclimatization, wearing appropriate clothing, avoiding excessive heat exposure
Treatment	Rapid cooling, hydration, hospitalization
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with prompt treatment, but can be fatal if untreated
Frequency	Common in hot climates and during heat waves
Deaths	N/A

Heat stroke is a serious, life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's heat-regulating system fails, causing the body temperature to rise to dangerous levels. It is the most severe form of heat illness, and requires immediate medical attention.

Causes

Heat stroke can occur as a result of prolonged exposure to high temperatures, usually in combination with dehydration, which leads to failure of the body's temperature control system. The medical definition of heat stroke is a core body temperature greater than 104 degrees Fahrenheit, with complications involving the central nervous system. Other factors that can contribute to heat stroke include wearing excessive clothing, strenuous physical activity, consuming alcohol, and certain health conditions such as heart disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of heat stroke can vary, but may include:

• High body temperature
• Altered mental state or behavior
• Alteration in sweating
• Nausea and vomiting
• Flushed skin
• Rapid breathing
• Racing heart rate
• Headache

Treatment

Heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. The goals of treatment are to lower the body temperature to a normal range as quickly as possible, and to manage symptoms and any complications. This may involve moving the person to a cooler environment, removing excess clothing, and using cooling methods such as fans or ice packs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of heat stroke involves taking steps to stay cool and hydrated, especially during hot weather. This can include drinking plenty of fluids, wearing lightweight clothing, taking breaks in a cool place when outdoors, and avoiding strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day.

See also

• Heat exhaustion
• Dehydration
• Heat cramps
• Heat rash