Integrins
Integrins
Integrins (/ɪnˈtɛɡrɪnz/) are a family of proteins that function as cell surface receptors. They are integral to various biological processes, including cell adhesion, cell signaling, and cell migration.
Etymology
The term "integrin" is derived from the Latin "integer", meaning "whole" or "complete", and was coined to reflect the role of these proteins in integrating the extracellular matrix with the cytoskeleton inside the cell.
Function
Integrins are heterodimeric proteins, composed of one alpha and one beta subunit. They function as bridges for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. When triggered, integrins set off chemical reactions inside the cell that may be put into motion by mechanical signal transduction, or vice versa.
Related Terms
- Extracellular matrix: A three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules such as collagen, enzymes, and glycoproteins that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
- Cytoskeleton: A complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including bacteria and archaea.
- Cell adhesion: The process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
- Cell signaling: The complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions.
- Cell migration: The process by which cells move from one location to another, driven by protrusive activity of the cell's cytoskeleton.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Integrins
- Wikipedia's article - Integrins
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