LECT2 amyloidosis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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LECT2 amyloidosis
Amyloid deposits in tissue stained with Congo red
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Nephrology, Rheumatology
Symptoms	Kidney failure, proteinuria, joint pain
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically in adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Deposition of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 protein
Risks	Genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation
Diagnosis	Biopsy, immunohistochemistry, genetic testing
Differential diagnosis	Other forms of amyloidosis, chronic kidney disease
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Supportive care, dialysis, kidney transplantation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depending on extent of organ involvement
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

LECT2 amyloidosis is a form of amyloidosis characterized by the deposition of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) protein in various tissues, leading to organ dysfunction. It is a rare condition that primarily affects the kidney, but can also involve other organs such as the liver and spleen.

Pathophysiology

LECT2 is a protein that is normally produced by the liver and plays a role in immune response and inflammation. In LECT2 amyloidosis, the LECT2 protein misfolds and aggregates into amyloid fibrils, which are deposited in tissues. This deposition disrupts normal tissue architecture and function, leading to organ damage.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with LECT2 amyloidosis often present with symptoms related to kidney dysfunction, such as proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. Some patients may also exhibit liver dysfunction or splenomegaly. The disease is often diagnosed in older adults and has been reported more frequently in individuals of Hispanic descent.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of LECT2 amyloidosis is confirmed by biopsy of affected tissue, typically the kidney, showing amyloid deposits. These deposits are identified using Congo red staining, which reveals apple-green birefringence under polarized light. Immunohistochemistry or mass spectrometry can be used to specifically identify LECT2 as the amyloid protein.

Treatment

There is currently no specific treatment for LECT2 amyloidosis. Management focuses on controlling symptoms and complications, such as hypertension and chronic kidney disease. In some cases, kidney transplantation may be considered for patients with end-stage renal disease.

Prognosis

The prognosis of LECT2 amyloidosis varies depending on the extent of organ involvement and the patient's overall health. Kidney involvement often leads to progressive renal failure, which can significantly impact survival and quality of life.

See also

• Amyloidosis
• Kidney disease
• Proteinuria
• Hypertension

Graph showing creatinine levels over time

See Also

• Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2
• Congo red staining
• Immunohistochemistry