Anterior cruciate ligament injury

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Synonyms	ACL injury, ACL tear
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Orthopedic surgery
Symptoms	Knee pain, knee instability, swelling
Complications	N/A
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Trauma, sports injury
Risks	Athletic activity, contact sports, previous injury
Diagnosis	Physical examination, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Meniscus tear, collateral ligament injury
Prevention	Strength training, neuromuscular training
Treatment	Rest, physical therapy, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Common in athletes
Deaths	N/A

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one of the key ligaments that help stabilize the knee joint. ACL injuries are among the most common knee injuries, especially in athletes who participate in high demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball. ACL injuries can range from mild (such as small tears/sprains) to severe (complete tears). The severity of the injury dictates the treatment and recovery process.

Causes

ACL injuries are most commonly caused by:

• Sudden stops or changes in direction
• Jumping and landing incorrectly
• Direct collision, such as during a football tackle

Symptoms

Symptoms of an ACL injury include:

• A loud "pop" or a "popping" sensation in the knee
• Severe pain and inability to continue activity
• Rapid swelling
• Loss of range of motion
• A feeling of instability or "giving way" with weight bearing

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an ACL injury involves a physical examination and often imaging tests such as:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): To visualize the extent of the injury.
• X-ray: To rule out any bone fractures.

Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the injury and the patient's needs. They include:

• Non-surgical treatment: Rehabilitation exercises and physical therapy to strengthen the muscles around the knee.
• Surgical treatment: ACL reconstruction surgery to replace the torn ligament with a piece of tendon from another part of the body or a donor.

Recovery

Recovery from an ACL injury can take several months. A combination of physical therapy, rehabilitation exercises, and, if necessary, surgery, can help an individual return to normal activities.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Strengthening leg muscles
• Proper training and exercise techniques
• Using proper sports equipment

Anterior_cruciate_ligament_injury images

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  Image of an ACL tear

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  Labelled diagram showing the Q angle of the femur

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  Anatomical illustration of the knee joint

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  Detailed anatomy of the knee joint

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  MRI image showing ACL injury

See Also

• Knee Injuries
• Ligament Injuries
• Sports Medicine

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