Manila

Capital city of the Philippines

Manila

Manila is the capital city of the Philippines and one of the 16 cities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region. It is located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is bordered by the cities of Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati to the southeast, and Pasay to the south.

History

Laguna Copperplate Inscription

The history of Manila dates back to the early 10th century, as evidenced by the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, which is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines. The inscription suggests that Manila was already a thriving settlement and trading hub during this period.

In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire colonized the Philippines, and Miguel López de Legazpi established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies in 1571. The city became a center of trade and commerce, particularly during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, which connected Asia with the Americas.

Walled City of Manila, detail from Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas (1734)

The Intramuros, a walled city within Manila, was the seat of the Spanish colonial government. It was heavily fortified and served as the political and military center of the Spanish colony.

Geography

Manila is situated on the eastern shore of Manila Bay, which opens to the South China Sea. The city is divided into several districts, each with its own unique character and history. The Pasig River runs through the city, dividing it into the northern and southern sections.

Economy

Manila is a major center for commerce, banking, and finance in the Philippines. The city hosts the headquarters of many of the country's largest corporations and financial institutions. The Port of Manila is the largest and busiest seaport in the Philippines, serving as a gateway for international trade.

Culture

Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

Manila is a cultural melting pot, with influences from various cultures, including Spanish, American, Chinese, and indigenous Filipino. The city is known for its vibrant festivals, such as the Feast of the Black Nazarene and the Manila Day celebration.

The city is home to numerous historical landmarks and cultural institutions, including the National Museum of the Philippines, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, and the University of Santo Tomas, which is the oldest existing university in Asia.

Landmarks

St. John the Baptist Parish, Quiapo

Manila is home to many significant landmarks, including:

• Rizal Park, a historical urban park dedicated to the national hero, José Rizal.
• Manila Cathedral, the premier church of the Philippines.
• San Agustin Church, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Quiapo Church, known for the Black Nazarene.

Government

Manila City logo

Manila is governed as a city within the National Capital Region. It is divided into six legislative districts, each represented by a congressman in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The city government is headed by a mayor, who is elected by popular vote.

Flora and Fauna

Scyphiphora hydrophylacea

The natural environment of Manila has been significantly altered by urban development, but efforts are being made to preserve and restore its natural heritage. The Scyphiphora hydrophylacea, a mangrove species, is one of the native plants found in the area.

Related pages

• Metro Manila
• History of Manila
• Intramuros
• Pasig River