Octopamine

Octopamine is a naturally occurring amine that is considered to be a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator, and a neurohormone in various invertebrates. It is closely related to norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter in vertebrates. Octopamine has been found to act as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system of invertebrates, affecting their behavior and physiology.

Structure and Function

Octopamine is a biogenic amine, which means it is synthesized from amino acids. It is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Octopamine acts on specific receptors in the nervous system of invertebrates, influencing a variety of behaviors and physiological processes.

Role in Invertebrates

In invertebrates, octopamine serves several functions. It acts as a neurotransmitter, transmitting signals across synapses in the nervous system. It also acts as a neuromodulator, altering the response of neurons to other neurotransmitters. In addition, octopamine acts as a neurohormone, influencing the activity of other cells in the body.

Role in Humans

In humans, octopamine is not naturally produced and does not serve as a neurotransmitter. However, it is found in certain foods and dietary supplements and can have effects on the human body. Some studies suggest that octopamine may have potential therapeutic uses, such as in the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease.

See Also

• Neurotransmitter
• Neuromodulator
• Neurohormone
• Invertebrates
• Nervous system
• Amine
• Norepinephrine
• Tyrosine
• Synapses
• Receptors
• Depression
• Parkinson's disease

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  Octopamine chemical structure

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  Ball-and-stick model of (S)-Octopamine

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  Synthesis pathway of Octopamine