Phototaxis

Phototaxis is a type of taxis where an organism moves in response to light. This behavior is exhibited by a wide range of organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals. The direction of movement can be either towards the light source (positive phototaxis) or away from the light source (negative phototaxis).

Mechanism

Phototaxis is a behavioral response mediated by light receptor proteins. These proteins absorb light and trigger a signal transduction pathway that leads to movement. The exact mechanism of phototaxis varies among different organisms. In some cases, the organism may move towards the light source because it provides a suitable environment for growth and reproduction. In other cases, the organism may move away from the light source to avoid harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Examples

Bacteria

Many bacteria exhibit phototaxis. For example, Cyanobacteria move towards light to carry out photosynthesis. They use a specialized structure called a photoreceptor to detect light.

Plants

Plants also exhibit phototaxis, although the mechanism is different from that in bacteria. In plants, phototaxis is often associated with phototropism, the growth of a plant in response to light. For example, the leaves and stems of plants grow towards light, a phenomenon known as positive phototropism.

Animals

Many animals, especially aquatic ones, exhibit phototaxis. For example, zooplankton move towards the light at night to feed on phytoplankton, and move away from the light during the day to avoid predators.

See also

• Phototropism
• Taxis
• Photoreceptor cell

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  Distribution of three-dimensional phototaxis in the tree of eukaryotes

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  Types of photobehavior found in prokaryotes

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  Diversity of phototactic protists

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  Behavioral responses of Platynereis dumerilii larvae to UV light 380 nm from above

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  Platynereis dumerilii female epitoke

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  Neuronal connectome of a sensory-motor circuit for visual navigation

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  Neuronal connectome of a sensory-motor circuit for visual navigation