Pyelogram
Pyelogram is a type of medical imaging procedure that allows physicians to visualize the anatomy and functionality of a patient's kidneys, ureters, and bladder. The procedure involves the injection of a contrast medium into the patient's bloodstream, which then travels to the kidneys and urinary tract, highlighting these areas on an X-ray image.
Procedure
The pyelogram procedure begins with the patient lying on an X-ray table. A radiologist or a trained technician will then inject the contrast medium into a vein, usually in the patient's arm. The contrast medium travels through the bloodstream and eventually reaches the kidneys, where it is filtered out and passes into the ureters and bladder. X-ray images are taken at various stages to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Types of Pyelogram
There are two main types of pyelogram: intravenous pyelogram (IVP) and retrograde pyelogram.
- Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP): This is the most common type of pyelogram. The contrast medium is injected into a vein and images are taken as the contrast medium is filtered by the kidneys and passes through the urinary tract.
- Retrograde Pyelogram: This procedure is used when an IVP is not possible or does not provide sufficient information. In a retrograde pyelogram, the contrast medium is injected directly into the ureters through a cystoscope, a thin tube inserted through the urethra.
Uses
Pyelograms are used to diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions affecting the kidneys and urinary tract. These include:
Risks
As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks associated with a pyelogram. These may include:
- Allergic reaction to the contrast medium
- Kidney damage in patients with poor kidney function
- Infection
- Bleeding
Patients should discuss these risks with their doctor before undergoing a pyelogram.
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