RIG-I

RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) is a cytoplasmic protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to viral infection. It is encoded by the DDX58 gene in humans.

Function

RIG-I is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that identifies viral RNA in the cytoplasm of cells. It is activated by the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular pattern associated with viral infection. Upon activation, RIG-I triggers a signaling cascade that results in the production of interferons and other cytokines, which are key components of the immune response to viruses.

Structure

RIG-I is a member of the DExD/H-box helicase family, which is characterized by a conserved helicase domain. This domain is responsible for binding and unwinding dsRNA. RIG-I also has two CARD domains at its N-terminus, which are involved in signal transduction.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the DDX58 gene can lead to a weakened immune response to viral infections. Conversely, overactivation of RIG-I can result in excessive inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, RIG-I is a potential target for antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs.

See also

• MDA5
• LGP2

References

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